Inherited wealth is making a comeback.
It is one of the great themes of English literature of the 19th
and early 20th centuries. Novels such as Jane Austen´s “Sense and
Sensibility” or Charles Dicken´s “Great Expectations” revolve around the
question of inheritance. Writers preoccupation with inheritance reflected the
fact that back then, transfer of wealth from one generation to the next was
extremely significant. Now evidence is evolving which suggests that the world
is yet again entering another golden age of inheritance.
Two main
factors determine inheritance flows from one generation to the next: the amount
of wealth in an economy and the rate at which the owners of that wealth die.
The plutocrats of the 19th century amassed fortunes on the back of
financial investment in mines and factories. The destruction of inheritance was
brought about by the obliteration of inflation due to the impact of the First
and Second World Wars. Between 1910 and 1950 the value of capital in the
economy fell from nearly 700% of national income to 250%. People had less to
pass on to their descendants, and so the significance of inheritance decreased.
Lately,
however, wealth as a share of output has risen. Baby-boomers, the bumper
generation born between the mid-1940s and mid-1960s, possess much of this
wealth and are starting to dwindle in numbers. The aftereffect being that
inheritances are starting to make a comeback. In the past 20 years, the total
value of estates has more than doubled in real terms. These days, for every
£100 they earn in wages, they receive £17 in gifts and bequests. Inheritance
has not played a big role in the economy since the 1930s but it is clearly
starting to make a comeback.
By one estimate, one in twenty British people receive an
inheritance worth more than ten years of their net earnings and with people’s
assets continuing to increase it is easy to understand why people are beginning
to get trapped in the snare of inheritance tax. Although a tax relief was
introduced in 2017; the ‘residential nil-rate band’ or ‘family home allowance’
providing an extra relief when passing on the main home to your direct descendants. A positive to take from this for expatriates
is you can claim this allowance on a property outside of the UK, provided it is
your main residential home (although local inheritance taxes may still apply).
Investment properties are not included, and it is only available for one
property that is passed directly to children or grandchildren. Larger estates,
on the other hand, do not receive the full tax relief – estates over £2 million
have smaller tax relief and those £2.2 million and above receive no tax relief.
Despite the tax
allowance, the government’s inheritance tax fund continues to swell. The reason
behind this has a lot to do with people’s increasing value of assets – in
particular, property. For example, in a press release ‘UK House Price Index for
March 2019’ from HM LAN registry, published 22nd May 2019, clearly
stated that the average detached house across England typically costs £371,759.
That alone has already fallen outside the governments “residential nil-rate
band”. Currently, the residential property makes up a third of estates liable
for inheritance tax.
Additionally, the
standard relief – frozen at £325,000 since 2009 and fixed until 2021 – has
clearly not kept pace with inflation unlike property and other assets. The UK
government’s Office for Budget Responsibility predicts the inheritance tax haul
will surpass £6 billion by 2021 as people’s asset continues to grow and
standard relief is frozen.
Inheritance is
once again making a mark on the national consciousness and there has been a
significant boom. In the UK, the High Court considered around 150 inheritance
disputes in 2017, three times more than it examined a decade earlier. If you
want to know more about how you can take advantage of all the reliefs available
get in touch with a deVere Spain advisor who will ensure you don’t leave your
beneficiaries with an unnecessarily large bill or worse a lengthy legal case.
Contact me for further information
David Hammond